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Birth Defects in the African American Community

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by Tara E. l January 10, 2024

Birth defects are a significant health concern that can affect families everywhere, including the African American community. 1 in 32 babies are born with a birth defect, according to the Cleveland Clinic. These conditions, present from birth, can change the shape or function of one or more body parts. They can cause problems in overall health, how the body develops, or how it works. Understanding birth defects, risk factors, and available support is crucial for families and communities. In this article, we will explore birth defects in the African American community and highlight some supportive resources and organizations.

What are Birth Defects?

Birth defects are health conditions present at birth. They can cause changes in the shape or function of the body, leading to challenges in health, development, or both. These defects can be mild or severe, and they can affect different parts of the body. Some common examples include clubfoot, fetal alcohol syndrome, heart defects, cleft lip or palate, gastroschisis, and Down syndrome. They account for 14% of stillbirths.

Birth Defects in the African American Community

Studies have shown that certain birth defects are more common in the African American community. For example, sickle cell anemia, a blood disorder, is more prevalent among African Americans. Understanding these risks is vital for early intervention and treatment. Other conditions are less common in the African American community but can still occur. Gastroschisis is a serious birth defect that’s becoming more common. Since the 1970s, more babies are born with it. Recent studies found that it’s happening more often in young moms, especially those under the age of 24. Babies born to non-Hispanic Black moms usually have this less often than babies born to non-Hispanic white moms. But between 1995 and 2012, the number of these babies increased the most among non-Hispanic Black moms (Kirby, 2017).

How Do Birth Defects Happen?

One of the big challenges in understanding the risk of birth defects is that many factors can contribute to their development. These include genetics, the mother’s health during the pregnancy, medications consumed during the pregnancy, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices, including substance or chemical exposure. For some birth defects, the cause is unknown. This uncertainty makes it hard to predict who will be affected by birth defects and why.

Potential Signs and Symptoms of a Birth Defect

When discussing symptoms of a birth defect during pregnancy, it’s crucial to understand that most birth defects are detected through medical tests rather than through symptoms experienced by the mother. However, there are a few signs and situations during pregnancy that might indicate a higher risk of birth defects. Here are some key points to consider:

  1. Abnormal Ultrasound Findings: Ultrasounds are a routine part of prenatal care and can sometimes reveal abnormalities in the baby’s development, which may suggest a birth defect.
  2. Positive Results from Prenatal Screening Tests: Prenatal screening tests like blood tests and specialized ultrasounds can indicate an increased risk of birth defects. These tests typically measure the risk level rather than directly diagnosing a birth defect.
  3. Maternal Health Issues: Certain health conditions in the mother, such as diabetes (especially if not well-controlled), infections during pregnancy, or a history of exposure to harmful substances, can increase the risk of birth defects in the baby.
  4. Medication and Substance Exposure: If a woman takes certain medications, consumes alcohol, or uses drugs during pregnancy, this can elevate the risk of birth defects in the fetus.
  5. Family History of Birth Defects: A family history of certain genetic conditions or birth defects can sometimes increase the likelihood of similar issues in the baby.
  6. Symptoms in Mother Indicative of Fetal Issues: In rare cases, a mother might experience symptoms that indirectly suggest fetal complications, such as abnormal maternal weight gain or decreased fetal movement, which can prompt further investigations.

It’s important to note that the presence of these factors does not guarantee a birth defect but may prompt additional monitoring or testing. Regular prenatal care and consultations with healthcare providers are essential for assessing and mitigating potential risks to the baby. If a woman has concerns about the risk of birth defects, it is advisable to discuss them with her healthcare provider for appropriate guidance and testing.

Support and Resources for Birth Defects

Dealing with birth defects can be challenging for families. However, many support groups and organizations can help. These resources offer information, support, and connections to families facing similar challenges.

  1. March of Dimes: This organization works to improve the health of mothers and babies. They provide resources and support for families affected by birth defects.
  2. Sickle Cell Disease Association of America (SCDAA): This group focuses on sickle cell disease, a common birth defect in African Americans. They offer education, advocacy, and support.
  3. National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN): This network provides information on birth defect prevention and offers resources for families and healthcare professionals.
  4. Local Community Health Centers: Many communities have health centers that offer support and resources for families dealing with birth defects.

Prevention and Care

While not all birth defects can be prevented, some can be reduced through healthy lifestyle choices and medical care during pregnancy. Regular medical check-ups, a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful substances are key preventive measures. For families affected by birth defects, early intervention, and treatment can make a big difference in the child’s quality of life.

Conclusion

Birth defects in the African American community are a complex issue. While understanding the risks can be challenging, knowing the available support and resources can empower families. By staying informed and connected, families can navigate the challenges of birth defects with hope and support.

Sources:

(n.d.). Birth Defects. The Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved January 14, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12230-birth-defects

Matoba, N., & Collins, J. W., Jr (2017). Racial disparity in infant mortality. Seminars in perinatology, 41(6), 354–359. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.003

(2011). Most Stillbirths Caused by Placental, Pregnancy Conditions. National Institute of Health. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/most-stillbirths-caused-placental-pregnancy-conditions

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